Ikibazo cy’ingufu zo mu myaka ya za 70 cyazanye igihe cya peteroli ihendutse kandi gitangira isiganwa ryo gucukura peteroli yo hanze.Hamwe nigiciro cya barrile yamavuta ya peteroli mumibare ibiri, bumwe muburyo bukomeye bwo gucukura no kugarura ibintu bitangiye kumenyekana, nubwo bihenze cyane.Ukurikije ibipimo byiki gihe, urubuga rwo hambere rusanzwe rwabyaye umusaruro muke - hafi 10,000 barrele kumunsi (BPD).Ndetse dufite ThunderHorse PDQ, gucukura, gukora, hamwe na module nzima ishobora kubyara peteroli igera kuri 250.000 na metero kibe 200 (Mmcf) ya gaze kumunsi.Igice kinini cyumusaruro, umubare wintoki zintoki zigera ku 12.000 zirenga, inyinshi murizoimipira.Iyi ngingo izibanda kubwoko butandukanye bwo gukata-busanzwe bukoreshwa mubikoresho byo hejuru bya offshore.
Umusaruro wa peteroli na gaze urasaba kandi gukoresha ibikoresho byingirakamaro bidakora neza gutunganya hydrocarbone, ariko bitanga gusa inkunga ifatika muriki gikorwa.Ibikoresho bifasha birimo sisitemu yo guterura amazi yo mu nyanja (guhana ubushyuhe, gutera inshinge, kurwanya umuriro, nibindi), amazi ashyushye hamwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amazi akonje.Byaba inzira ubwayo cyangwa ibikoresho bifasha, birakenewe gukoresha valve igabana.Ibikorwa byabo byingenzi bigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: kwigunga ibikoresho no kugenzura inzira (kuri-off).Hasi, tuzasesengura uko ibintu byifashe hafi yumurongo wo gutanga ibintu bitandukanye byamazi asanzwe mubikorwa byo hanze.
Uburemere bwibikoresho nabwo nibyingenzi kurubuga rwa offshore.Ikiro cyose cyibikoresho kuri platifomu bigomba kujyanwa kurubuga hakurya yinyanja ninyanja, kandi bigomba kubungabungwa mubuzima bwacyo bwose.Kubwibyo, imipira yumupira ikoreshwa cyane kurubuga kuko iroroshye kandi ifite imirimo myinshi.Birumvikana ko hariho byinshi bikomeye (biringaniyeamarembo) cyangwa indabyo zoroheje (nk'ibinyugunyugu), ariko urebye ibintu bitandukanye nkigiciro, uburemere, umuvuduko nubushyuhe, imipira yumupira akenshi niyo ihitamo neza.
Biragaragara,imipirantabwo byoroshye gusa, ahubwo bifite n'uburebure buke (kandi akenshi ubugari).Umupira wumupira ufite kandi akarusho ko gutanga icyambu gisohoka hagati yintebe zombi, bityo hashobora kugenzurwa ko imbere yimbere hashobora kugenzurwa.Iyi nyungu ningirakamaro kubintu byihutirwa byo gufunga (ESDV) kuberako imikorere yabo yo gufunga igomba kugenzurwa kenshi.
Amazi ava mu iriba ryamavuta mubisanzwe ni uruvange rwamavuta na gaze, kandi rimwe na rimwe amazi.Mubisanzwe, nkubuzima bwimyaka iriba, amazi aravomwa nkibicuruzwa biva mu mavuta.Kubintu bivangavanze - kandi mubyukuri kubundi bwoko bwamazi - ikintu cya mbere cyo kumenya ni ukumenya niba hari umwanda urimo, nka dioxyde de carbone, hydrogen sulfide, nuduce twinshi (umucanga cyangwa imyanda yangirika, nibindi).Niba ibice bikomeye bihari, intebe numupira bigomba gushyirwaho ibyuma kugirango wirinde kwambara cyane mbere.Byombi CO2 (karuboni ya dioxyde) na H2S (hydrogen sulfide) bitera ibidukikije byangirika, mubisanzwe byitwa ruswa nziza na ruswa.Ruswa nziza muri rusange itera igihombo kimwe cyubuso bwibigize.Ingaruka zo kwangirika kwa aside ni mbi cyane, akenshi itera kwinjiza ibintu, bikaviramo ibikoresho kunanirwa.Ubwoko bwombi bwa ruswa bushobora guhagarikwa no guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye no gutera inshinge zibuza.NACE yashyizeho ibipimo ngenderwaho byihariye byo kwangirika kwa aside: "MR0175 ku nganda za peteroli na gaze, ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu bidukikije birimo sulfuru mu bicuruzwa bya peteroli na gaze."Ibikoresho bya Valve muri rusange bikurikiza iyi ngingo.Kugirango wuzuze iki gipimo, ibikoresho bigomba kuba byujuje ibyangombwa byinshi, nkubukomere, kugirango bibe byiza gukoreshwa mubidukikije.
Ibyinshi mumipira yumusaruro wo hanze byakozwe muburyo bwa API 6D.Amasosiyete ya peteroli na gaze akenshi ashyiraho ibisabwa hejuru yiki gipimo, mubisanzwe ashyiraho ibintu byongeweho kubikoresho cyangwa bisaba ibizamini bikomeye.Kurugero, igipimo cya S-562 cyatangijwe n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’abakora peteroli na gaze (IOGP).S-562-API 6D Ball Valve Standard Supplement yakozwe n’amasosiyete akomeye ya peteroli na gaze kugirango ahuze kandi yorohereze ibisabwa bitandukanye ababikora bagomba kubahiriza.Ibyiza, ibi bizagabanya ibiciro kandi bigabanye ibihe byo kuyobora.
Amazi yo mu nyanja afite uruhare runini ku mbuga zo gucukura, harimo kuzimya umuriro, umwuzure w’ibigega, guhanahana ubushyuhe, amazi y’inganda, hamwe n’amatungo yo kunywa.Umuyoboro utwara amazi yo mu nyanja ubusanzwe ni manini ya diametre kandi ufite umuvuduko muke - valve yikinyugunyugu ikwiranye nakazi keza.Ibinyugunyugu byikinyugunyugu byujuje ubuziranenge bwa API 609 kandi birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: kwibanda, kubiri kabiri no kwikuba gatatu.Kubera igiciro gito, ibinyugunyugu byibinyugunyugu hamwe na lugs cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera nibisanzwe.Ubugari bwubunini nkibi ni bito cyane, kandi iyo bishyizwe kumuyoboro, bigomba guhuzwa neza, bitabaye ibyo bizagira ingaruka kumikorere ya valve.Niba guhuza flange bidakwiye, birashobora kubangamira imikorere ya valve, ndetse birashobora no gutuma valve idashobora gukora.Ibihe bimwe bishobora gusaba gukoresha ikinyugunyugu kabiri-eccentric cyangwa triple-eccentric;Igiciro cya valve ubwacyo kiri hejuru, ariko iracyari munsi yikiguzi cyo guhuza neza mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-28-2024