Ibibazo by'ingufu byo mu myaka ya za 70 byazanye igihe cy'amavuta ahendutse kandi yakoresheje mu isiganwa ryo gucukura amavuta yo hanze. Hamwe nigiciro cyingugu yamavuta yubukorikori mumibare ibiri, bimwe mubintu byo gucumura neza kandi bikaba bitangiye kumenyekana, nubwo bahenze cyane. Ku buryo bw'uyu munsi, hakiri kare imyanya ya mbere isanzwe yabyaye umubumbe muto - hafi ba Barrele bagera ku 10,000 kumunsi (BPD). Ndetse dufite inkuba PDQ, gucukura, umusaruro, hamwe na module ituma ishobora kubyara barrels zigera kuri 250.000 zamavuta ya peteroli na miliyoni 200 (MMCF) ya gaze kumunsi. Ishami rinini nkiryo, umubare wibitabo byinshi nkibindi birenga 12.000, byinshi muribyoUmupira. Iyi ngingo izibanda ku bwoko butandukanye bwo gukata indangagaciro zisanzwe zikoreshwa mubikoresho byo hejuru byimbunda za offshore.
Umusaruro wa peteroli na gaze bisaba kandi gukoresha ibikoresho byabafasha bitari bikora mu buryo butaziguye gutunganya hydrocarbone, ariko bitanga gusa inkunga yingirakamaro kubikorwa. Ibikoresho byabafasha birimo sisitemu yo guterura amazi yo mu nyanja (guhanahana ubushyuhe, inshinge, imirwano yumuriro, nibindi), amazi ashyushye hamwe na sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amazi. Niba ari inzira ubwayo cyangwa ibikoresho byabafasha, birakenewe gukoresha valition. Imikorere yabo nyamukuru igabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri: kwigunga ibikoresho no kugenzura gutunganya (ON-OFF). Hasi, tuzasesengura imiterere ya valves zijyanye n'imirongo yo gutanga amazi atandukanye mu mbuga z'umusaruro wa Offshore.
Uburemere bwibikoresho nabyo birakomeye kubibuga bya offshore. Buri kilo cyose cyibikoresho kuri platifomu bigomba gutwarwa kurubuga hejuru yinyanja hamwe ninyanja, kandi bigomba kubungabungwa mubuzima bwayo. Kubwibyo, indangagaciro zisanzwe zikoreshwa kuri platifomu kuko zihuje kandi zifite imirimo myinshi. Birumvikana, hariho urugwiro rukomeye (FlatIrembo) cyangwa impanuka yoroshye (nko kugaburira ibinyugunyugu), ariko urebye ibintu bitandukanye nkibiciro, uburemere, igitutu nubushyuhe, indangagaciro ni amahitamo akwiye.
Biragaragara,Umupirantabwo arikoroheje gusa, ahubwo bafite uburebure buto (kandi akenshi ni ubugari). Umupira wa Ball ufite kandi ibyiza byo gutanga icyambu cyo gusohora hagati yintebe zombi, bityo ukubaho imbere imbere birashobora kugenzurwa. Iyi nyungu ni ingirakamaro kumyanya yihutirwa ifunze (ESDV) kubera ko imikorere yabo ikeneye kugenzurwa kenshi.
Amazi ava mumavuta asanzwe avanze na peteroli na gaze, kandi rimwe na rimwe amazi. Mubisanzwe, nkubuzima bwimyaka myinshi, amazi yarumiwe nkigicuruzwa cyo gukira kwa peteroli. Kuriyo kuvanga - kandi mubyukuri kubundi bwoko bwamazi - ikintu cya mbere cyo kumenya niba hari umwanda muri bo, nka dioxyde de carbone, hamwe na syden dioxyde, nibice bikomeye (smarsis, nibindi). Niba uduce dukomeye tuhari, icyicaro numupira bigomba gutwarwa nicyuma kugirango birinde kwambara gukabije mbere. Byombi CO2 (karuboni ya dioxyde) na H2s (Hydrogen sulfide) itera ibidukikije byangirika, muri rusange bivugwa nkibirori byiza na ruswa. Ruswa nziza muri rusange zitera gutakaza kimwe igice cyibice. Ingaruka za rarorion ya acide zirimo guteza akaga, akenshi zitera kwangirika kw'ibintu, bikaviramo kunanirwa ibikoresho. Ubwoko bwombi bwangwa bushobora kubuzwa no guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye no gutera inshinge kububaha. NACE yateguye ibipimo byumwihariko kuri perrosion ya Acide: "Mr0175 ku nganda za peteroli na gaze, ibikoresho byo gukoresha mu bidukikije birimo umusaruro wa peteroli na gaze." Ibikoresho bya valve muri rusange ukurikiza iyi ngingo. Kugirango uhuze iki gipimo, ibikoresho bigomba kuba byujuje ibyangombwa byinshi, nko gukomera, kugirango bikwiranye no gukoreshwa mubidukikije bya acide.
Imipira myinshi ihana umusaruro wa Offshore yateguwe hakurikijwe ibipimo bya 6D. Amasosiyete ya peteroli na gaze ashyiraho ibisabwa byinyongera hejuru yiki gipimo, mubisanzwe mugutanga ibihe byinyongera kubikoresho cyangwa bisaba kwipimisha. Kurugero, S-562 byatangijwe nishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ryabatanga peteroli na gaze (IOGP). S-562-API 6d Umupira wa Valve Scoves yateguwe namasosiyete menshi ya peteroli na gaze kugirango ashimangire kandi atere imbere ibisabwa bitandukanye abakora bagomba kubahiriza. Icyitondewe, ibi bizagabanya ibiciro no kugabanya ibihe byayobowe.
Amazi yo mu nyanja afite uruhare runini rw'urubuga rwo gucukura, harimo n'umuriro, ikigega cy'umwuzure, guhanahana ubushyuhe, amazi y'inganda, n'amatafari yo kunywa amazi. Umuyoboro utwara amazi yinyanja mubisanzwe ni nini muri diameter kandi nkeya mukitutu - ikinyugunyugu kirakwiriye kuruta uko akazi gakora. Ibinyugunyugu bihuye nubuziranenge bwa API 609 kandi birashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butatu: kwibanda, ingano ebyiri na gatatu ecplecric. Kubera ikiguzi cyo hasi, ibinyugunyugu bitonda hamwe namashurwe cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera nibyo bikunze kugaragara. Ubugari bwinsanganyamatsiko nkiyi ni buto cyane, kandi iyo yashyizwe kumurongo, igomba guhumurizwa neza, bitabaye ibyo bizagira ingaruka kumikorere ya valve. Niba guhuza flange bidakwiye, birashobora kubangamira imikorere ya valve, kandi birashobora no gukora valve idashoboye gukora. Ibintu bimwe birashobora gusaba gukoresha ibinyugunyugu bibiri cyangwa bitatu by'ubutatu; Igiciro cya valve ubwacyo kiri hejuru, ariko kiracyari munsi yikiguzi cyo guhuza neza mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho.
Igihe cyohereza: Jun-28-2024